1, Exercise
Robotic guides, crowd control directed by artificial intelligence and immersive virtual reality are among the technologies, enabled by the internet of things, set to excite fans at Tokyo’s 2020 Olympic Games.
At the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, the world was wowed by demonstrations of innovative technology, such as1,……………….. Fast forward and by the 21st century Japan had 2……….. as a technological world leader, in areas as diverse as aeronautics, robotics and consumer electronics. It’s no surprise, then, that the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games’ slogan is “Discover Tomorrow”. But how might Japan use the leading tech of 2020, notably the internet of things (IoT), to make the Olympics run smoothly?
Tokyo 2020 is a huge undertaking. Around 11,000 athletes from 206 nations will be competing in 33 different sports and 7.8 million tickets are being distributed. Though 4.5 million of these have been set aside for the Japanese market, the remaining tickets will go to visitors from overseas. These visitors will 3…………………, particularly accommodation, transport and waste management. Security will be a key concern, and high-tech approaches may help with crowd control and risk assessment. Venues will also need to meet access requirements for visitors with mobility restrictions, and find ways to make the user experience smooth and enjoyable. Tokyo has already implemented many smart city ideas using IoTtechnology. With one of the most used public transit systems in the world, integrated innovative technological solutions are vital to make sure trains, buses and trams run safely and on schedule. Trains on the Yamanote subway line depart every two to four minutes, carrying a dizzying 34 million passengers a week. With such high demand, periodic maintenance closures are a real problem, so an IoT-based smart maintenance system was introduced to 4,……………………..
Sensors attached to train cars collect data, identify weak points, predict equipment failures, and pinpoint precisely when and where maintenance is needed. Tokyo is well on its way to developing a smart energy system. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami caused severe 5………………., highlighting the need for a more adaptable and resilient grid. This is where smart meters and other energy management technology 6…………….. The data collected through these IoT devices have already underpinned new energy-saving measures. According to the Tokyo Bureau of Environment, the scheme achieved a 27 per cent drop in CO2 emissions at the 12,000 registered facilities between 2010 and 2017. This is all part of Tokyo’s plans to use smart technology to become a zero-emissions city.
Development around the Olympics will also play a part, with the athletes’ village due to be turned into a fully hydrogen-powered smart district after the Games. To 7…………. presented by the Olympics, Tokyo’s existing smart city tech may be developed further, but we’ll probably also see a few new things using cutting-edge IoT and 5G technology.
Robots are emblematic of Japan’s status as a world leader in futuristic technology, so it’s likely they’ll be front and centre at the opening and closing ceremonies. Visitors may be greeted by one of the Haneda Robotics Lab robots, which will serve both as multilingual airport guides and as security, scanning bins for suspicious objects and alerting human guards to 8…………………….. The International Olympic Committee has been working with Toyota to develop vehicles powered by artificial intelligence (AI) for use in the main stadiums. Some will use sensors and cameras to deliver equipment to athletes, while others will help fans with accessibility requirements.
With its smart stadium concept, telecommunications company NTT is playing a key role in applying IoT technology to the Games. High-speed internet at each venue will enable everything from in-seat food orders to live stats and replays, while English–Japanese translation AI chatbots will be installed on robots at the major venues. Though it 9…………………….. whether the technology will be ready by summer 2020, virtual reality (VR) is also a major area of innovation, using a distributed camera network and the smart stadium’s super-fast 5G to enable a live feed of events. NTT’s Kirari project would use IoT tech to create an immersive VR experience of what’s happening.
Rakuten has been working on similar smart stadium VR tech, to enable fans to preview seats before booking them. It’s likely that we’ll also see the largest-scale application of AIbased security measures ever at Tokyo 2020, relying on real-time updates from cameras and other internet-enabled devices dotted throughout the venues. Behind the scenes, NEC and Intel facial recognition terminals will 10…………………….. of the 300,000 accredited people at the Olympics. The general public are more likely to spot drones owned by Rakuten or interact with robots which look like the Games’ mascots, both of which will also be equipped with facial recognition technology. Whether everyone will know they’re being observed in this way when waving at the cute robot remains a 11………………
Panasonic’s crowd-forecasting software might also 12………………. of the future of security at Tokyo 2020. Using camera data from police vehicles, the software would analyse crowd movements to identify 13…………………….. and help with real-time management of crowd flow. This could be used in combination with security firm ALSOK’s emotional visualisation robots, which flag people showing high levels of anxiety or aggression. Tokyo 2020 is sure to be a showcase not only of world-class sporting talent, but of cutting-edge technology in areas as varied as commerce, security and accessibility. IoT will play a key role in responding to the real-world problems presented by an event on this scale with digital technology, and will contribute to the most technologically exciting Olympic and Paralympic Games we’ve yet seen.
Match the words to form an expression and put these into the right gap!
1, power a, issue
2, cemented b, the challenge
3, minimise c, train
4, verify d, behaviour
5, suspicious e, to be seen
6, bullet f, its status
7, come into g, a glimpse
8, thorny h, shortage
9, strain i, the identities
10, unattended j, play
11, provide k, luggage
12, meet l, the city’s infrastructure
13, remains m, disruption
key:
1, bullet train 2, cemented its status, 3, strain the city’s infrastructure, 4, minimse disruption, 5, power shortage, 6, come into play, 7, meet the challenge, 8, unattended luggage, 9, remains to be seen, 10, verify the identities, 11, thorny issue, 12, provide a glimpse, 13, suspicious behaviour
2, Exercise
Why introverts are ignored and often overlooked
Does being quieter or less assertive at work make someone less likely to be promoted?
While researchers, notably Myers-Briggs, 1,……..(jelzik) that around half the global population are introverted, a new study suggests introverts in the workplace may become victims of unconscious 2……(elfogultság). The Silent Worker report, by experience management software provider Qualtrics, reveals that just under two thirds of the 1,000 UK workers it questioned, who identified as introverts, believed they were not given the chance to be heard. Just over half also felt their opinions were neither valued nor listened to. Joanna Rawbone, founder of consultancy Flourishing Introverts, is not surprised by such findings, describing this area of neurodiversity as “one of the most overlooked in diversity and inclusion terms”. “Some employers are becoming more aware of the situation, which is important because it’s potentially having an impact on huge numbers of staff,” she says. “But while they may know the difference between an extrovert and an introvert personality, it’s not generally on the agenda to do anything about.” There has long been a societal bias towards extroverts in Western cultures, says Amy Walters, senior research consultant at management consultancy Lane4.
Another challenge is the terms “extrovert” and “confidence” tend to be used 3…………..(felváltva), even though extroversion and introversion, in Jungian analysis, refer to where individuals derive their energy. In other words, while extroverts 4………….(feltöltődnek) from mixing with others and generally prefer to think and plan in group settings, being an introvert in the workplace means being more inward-facing and happier undertaking such activities alone. As a result, common extrovert strengths include responding quickly to ideas and inspiring others, while potential weaknesses include a tendency towards knee-jerk reactions and dominating conversations.
Positive introvert 5,………….(jellemvonás), on the other hand, include being good listeners and thinking things through, while possible downsides include taking longer to make decisions and being perceived as more difficult to talk to. “Anecdotally, managers, particularly if they are extrovert themselves, see other extroverts as being easier to work with,” says Rawbone. “They class introverts as difficult and shy, and feel extroverts are more fun and easier to talk to, so they tend to be picked for projects or are given opportunities introverts aren’t.” Indeed, academic research has shown this kind of unconscious bias means “individuals who are higher in extroversion are more likely to be selected and promoted into leadership positions”, Walters points out. Although many introverts in the workplace push themselves to conform by trying to appear more outgoing than they actually are, the problem is that doing so over a prolonged period results in people no longer being 6,……….(eredeti, önazonos) or true to themselves, which can in turn lead to overwhelming stress and eventually burnout.
So what can employers do to address this largely unacknowledged situation and ensure the complementary strengths of both extrovert and introvert personalities are valued and rewarded equally? According to Rawbone, there are three key steps. The first involves doing a “stocktake” to understand where unconscious bias is taking place and what the organisation’s standard behaviour towards introverts is. The second 7, ………..(együtt jár) consciously changing this behaviour to promote the inclusion of all personality types. This involves, thirdly, introducing education and training programmes not only for managers, but often also for the wider team. Encouraging the development of group facilitation skills to optimise team and meeting dynamics is an example. As Natasha Wallace, founder of leadership development consultancy Conscious Works, explains: “Managers need to make it safe to speak up, encouraging everyone to 8………….(hozzájárul, hozzászól). If people don’t want to express their ideas in a group setting, managers should be picking up with them afterwards to get their thoughts.” Another useful tactic in this context is to send everyone an agenda in advance, thereby giving introverts time to think through the issues beforehand to help them feel more comfortable in contributing. The final stage, meanwhile, is about 9………….(beágyazás) change in the workplace. Possibilities range from creating quiet spaces so introverts can take time out, to ensuring line managers conduct regular check-ins with their staff to 10…………(megdob,fellendít)general trust and wellbeing. As Rawbone concludes: “Good management is about understanding all the members of your team, helping them to play to their strengths and creating an environment in which they feel included, valued and self-motivated.”
key
1, indicate
2, bias
3, interchangeably
4, recharge their batteries
5, traits
6, authentic
7, entails
8, contribute
9, embedding
10, boost
3,Exercise
I have a fundamental belief in 1,………….that is why one of our unusal management 2, …………..is to let all members look up what anyone in the company is getting paid. Companies keep wages a secret because there are significant 3, ……………
In this system anyone can ask: 4, …………Tom is making $3 an hour more than me? Leaders can explain why they 5……….it or if it is too good a 6, ……….injustices can get corrected.
The company is organized into 7,………….work teams. When new members are hired they work on a 8, …………. and are not hired 9,……………. This 10,………..a two thirds vote.
Team members do not only 11, …………the programmes coming from the top but are responsible for 12…………, productivity, 13……….
Every team member is 14………….for incentive bonuses and we 15,………….the stock options more equally. We also 16,……….executives’ salaries but as competitors tried to hire our executives we needed to 17,………..it. So at the company nobody is going to become fabulously rich 18,………………..somebody else. Our compensation system pays better so there in not much 19,…………..for our people to join a 20, trade…………….
Business is 21…………..by the ideology that says businesses exist only to 22…………profit. You cannot say to the workers that their job is to help increase the 23…………for the shareholders. We want to create 24,……….for everybody: that is our winning strategy.
trial basis, distribute, returns, transparency, inventoty, union, requires, value, at the expense of, execute, practices, gross margin, injustices, eligible, how come, maximize deal, cap, handicapped, deserve, permanently, raise, self mamaging, incentive
key
1, transparency 7, self-managing
2, practices 8, trial basis
3, injustices 9, permanently
4, how come 10, requires
5, deserve 11, execute
6, deal 12, inventory
13, gross margin 19, incentive
14, eligible 20, union
15, distribute 21, handicapped
16, cap 22, maximize
17, raise 23, returns
18, at the expense of 24, value
4,Exercise
1,The riot was easily put down by the police forces as the demonstrators were ………………by them.
2,The machine keeps breaking down, I believe the engine is due for an …………….
3,Despite the fact that he was charged with embezzlement on evidence he was …………….to admit the crime.
4,He deals with used cars but he wants to change as the market is…………….., so he is looking for new business opportunities.
5,The Iraqui government was accused of ………………nuclear weapons that is why UN inspectors were sent to search the whole country.
6,Because of its illegal dealings the company was………………by the international community.
7,She was determined to…………..her male colleagues to prove that her capabilities are better than theirs.
8,These flowers are just a ………….of my gratitude.
9,Despite the new anti-corruption campaigns politicians can go on……………lining their pockets.
10,Do you have any ideas how we could ………………..the huge stock piling up in the warehouse?
11,This picture is the …………of the collection, that is invaluable.
12,Just………………all the papers over there, I will sort them out later.
13,Share prices …………as a result of the gloomy economic forecast.
14,We are exporting more than we are importing so our trade is in……………….
15,I am concerned about the budget …………, I insist on a ceiling of 25 million.
Token, stockpiling, overrun, overhaul, surplus, outdo, gem, outnumbered, dump, saturated, plunged, get rid of, reluctant, unhindered, outlawed
Key:
1, outnumbered
2, overhaul
3, reluctant
4, saturated
5, stockpiling
6, outlawed
7, outdo
8, token
9, unhindered
10, get rid of
11, gem
12, dump
13, plunged
14, surplus
15, overrun